LoTW uses four kinds of files, distinguished by Filename Extension.
| Filename Extension | Icon | File Type | Created By | Usage |
| .tq5 | Callsign Certificate Request | TQSLCert | Callsign Certificate Request file submitted to ARRL | |
| .tq6 | Callsign Certificate | ARRL | Callsign Certificate file referenced by TQSL and managed by TQSLCert (cannot be backed-up, recovered, or moved to another PC) | |
| .tq8 | Digitally Signed Log | TQSL or logging application | Digitally Signed Log file submitted to LoTW | |
| .p12 | Personal Information Exchange | TQSLCert | Certificate Container managed by TQSLCert (also referred to as a PKCS#12 file; can be backed-up, recovered, or moved to another PC) |